12 De Columela al siglo XIX
LnRiLWZpZWxke21hcmdpbi1ib3R0b206MC43NmVtfS50Yi1maWVsZC0tbGVmdHt0ZXh0LWFsaWduOmxlZnR9LnRiLWZpZWxkLS1jZW50ZXJ7dGV4dC1hbGlnbjpjZW50ZXJ9LnRiLWZpZWxkLS1yaWdodHt0ZXh0LWFsaWduOnJpZ2h0fS50Yi1maWVsZF9fc2t5cGVfcHJldmlld3twYWRkaW5nOjEwcHggMjBweDtib3JkZXItcmFkaXVzOjNweDtjb2xvcjojZmZmO2JhY2tncm91bmQ6IzAwYWZlZTtkaXNwbGF5OmlubGluZS1ibG9ja311bC5nbGlkZV9fc2xpZGVze21hcmdpbjowfQ==
QWNtZTpyZWd1bGFyIyMjQWJlbDpyZWd1bGFy
.tb-grid,.tb-grid>.block-editor-inner-blocks>.block-editor-block-list__layout{display:grid;grid-row-gap:25px;grid-column-gap:25px}.tb-grid-item{background:#d38a03;padding:30px}.tb-grid-column{flex-wrap:wrap}.tb-grid-column>*{width:100%}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-top{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:flex-start}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-center{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:center}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-bottom{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:flex-end}#tbcss .wpv-block-loop-item[data-toolset-views-view-template-block="7c8b338ed1e4600f32cc061386de97f8"] { font-size: 18px;border: 0px solid rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 );border-radius: 0 0 15px 15px; } .tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em} #tbcss .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="766283ba0ff016e98cafc9971f07412b"] { text-align: left; } #tbcss .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="766283ba0ff016e98cafc9971f07412b"] .tb-button__link { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0 );color: rgba( 26, 32, 44, 1 );font-size: 16px;color: rgba( 26, 32, 44, 1 ); } #tbcss .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="766283ba0ff016e98cafc9971f07412b"] .tb-button__link:hover { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0 );color: rgba( 184, 33, 5, 1 );font-size: 17px;color: rgba( 184, 33, 5, 1 ); } #tbcss .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="766283ba0ff016e98cafc9971f07412b"] .tb-button__link:active { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0 );color: rgba( 184, 33, 5, 1 );color: rgba( 184, 33, 5, 1 ); } #tbcss .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="766283ba0ff016e98cafc9971f07412b"] .tb-button__icon { font-family: dashicons; } #tbcss .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="4454c75dcd6a087f45ceb21d3f6c0cb4"] { font-size: 18px;font-weight: normal;text-align: left; }  #tbcss .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="4454c75dcd6a087f45ceb21d3f6c0cb4"] a { font-family: Abel;font-size: 25px;font-weight: regular; } #tbcss .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="4692afea0ac8981a387a2323fc5e882f"] { font-weight: normal; }  #tbcss .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="4692afea0ac8981a387a2323fc5e882f"] a { font-family: Acme;font-weight: regular; } #tbcss .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="24002076f8ab272a9a62182aad9afbb5"] { font-family: Acme;font-weight: regular; }  #tbcss .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="d033825ff6389cee8ea54493da5ac57f"] { font-size: 18px;font-family: Acme;font-weight: normal;text-align: left;color: rgba( 26, 32, 44, 1 ); }  #tbcss .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="d033825ff6389cee8ea54493da5ac57f"] a { color: rgba( 26, 32, 44, 1 ); }  @media only screen and (max-width: 781px) { .tb-grid,.tb-grid>.block-editor-inner-blocks>.block-editor-block-list__layout{display:grid;grid-row-gap:25px;grid-column-gap:25px}.tb-grid-item{background:#d38a03;padding:30px}.tb-grid-column{flex-wrap:wrap}.tb-grid-column>*{width:100%}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-top{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:flex-start}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-center{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:center}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-bottom{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:flex-end}.tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em}      } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .tb-grid,.tb-grid>.block-editor-inner-blocks>.block-editor-block-list__layout{display:grid;grid-row-gap:25px;grid-column-gap:25px}.tb-grid-item{background:#d38a03;padding:30px}.tb-grid-column{flex-wrap:wrap}.tb-grid-column>*{width:100%}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-top{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:flex-start}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-center{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:center}.tb-grid-column.tb-grid-align-bottom{width:100%;display:flex;align-content:flex-end}.tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em}      } 
LUIS GONZAGA SANTESTEBAN GARCÍA
INJERTOS Y PLANTAS / TXERTOAK ETA LANDAREAK
TIPOS Y EVOLUCIÓN / MOTAK ETA BILAKAERAel
QWNtZTpyZWd1bGFyIyMjQWJlbDpyZWd1bGFy
| El injertado se conocía desde la época griega y romana, de hecho Columela ya hablaba del injerto de la vid, pero históricamente se utilizaba de forma muy anecdótica. La llegada de la filoxera provocó que se combinaran dos materiales genéticamente relacionados: vitis vinífera y distintas especies de riparia, rupestris o ruggieri y cruces entre ellas. Cuando se vio que el injerto era la solución se combinó el injerto en campo con un enfoque más aviverado en el que la planta no se producía en el sitio definitivo sino por ejemplo en la huerta, y que se fue profesionalizando. Ambas modalidades convivieron. |